从“文化的社会史”到“社会的文化史”:罗杰·夏蒂埃的文化史研究//[Culturo-Social History and Socio-Cultural History:Roger Chartier's Academic Inquiry in Perspective of Cultural History]

The present paper attempts to shed light on how Roger Chartier rethinks the French tradition of history of mentalities and criticizes the application of quantitative methods to the cultural history. It,contending that apart from empirical studies,Chartier theoretically reinterprets the relationship between culture and society and draws the conclusion that culture is the presentation perceiving,scheming,and defining social realities,points out that Chartier's socio-cultural history is essentially different from the new cultural history prevailing in the North America.
作为著名的书籍史家和文化史家,罗杰·夏蒂埃深刻地反思了法国的心态史研究传统,批判了计量方法在文化史中的应用。他认为,仅仅通过考察文化产品的流通状况无法了解民众的心态,真正的书籍史和文化史研究应该建立在探讨阅读实践以及作者、文本、书籍与读者之间的复杂关系上。在夏蒂埃看来,读者无时不刻不在"占有"文本的意义,他们的社会层级和文本的物质载体等因素都决定了他们的阅读方式。除了实证研究,夏蒂埃还从理论上重新诠释了文化与社会的关系:文化并不是所谓的"第三层级",而是人们用来理解、规划与定义社会实在的"表象"。由此,夏蒂埃的所谓"社会的文化史"试图恢复文化的自主性,并且凸显文化史研究对于社会史的价值,考察夏...