概念史与历史时间理论——以科塞雷克为中心的考察//[Conceptual History and the Theory of Historical Times:A Study Centered on Koselleck’s Contribution]

German conceptual history is widely respected in the international academia. Basic Concepts in History( Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe),a book edited by Koselleck and his co-editors,was hailed as a classic work in the study of classic conceptual history due to its success in reconstructing the emergence of modernity in the medium of language. Socalled“Sattelzeit( saddle-time) ”and“Simultaneity of the Nonsimultaneous( Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen) ”are two important terms,thus key categories of his historical knowledge that is based mainly on the concept of time． “Saddletime” means a special transitional period towards the future or the outset of a new era． “Simultaneity of the Nonsimultaneous,”as one feature of modernity,refers to the basic experience of all the history in the past. Koselleck's theory of historical times of modernity focuses on the hiatus experiences in a particular historical period-from gradual change to upheaval,and on the formation of modern language. In his view,conceptual history is de facto the temporal history of concepts. In his view,conceptual history is de facto the temporal history of concepts. The semantics of historical times aims at the exploration of the temporal multilayeredness of experience and of language during the transition period; it reveals the temporal structures of centrally important terms,which contain the elements of the past,the present,and the future. And it indicates the break between “the space of experience( Erfahrungsraum) ” and “the horizon of expectation( s)( Erwartungshorizont) ”. If one focuses only on the structural characteristics of the transition period as such,it is possible to recognize similarities of western saddle-time and the decisive period of East Asian respectively Chinese society on its way to modernity. The characteristics of saddle-time terms uncovered by Koselleck can also be found in important terms that were transferred from the West to China in the Chinese transitional or transformation period,and thus in the modernization of Chinese terms.
德国概念史研究在国际学界享有盛誉。科塞雷克领衔编撰的《历史基本概念》,是透过概念来重构现代性之兴起的最成功的尝试,常被誉为经典概念史。"鞍型期"和"不同时的同时性"是科氏著述中的两个基点,是他以时间概念为核心的历史认识之中心范畴。鞍型期是走向未来的特殊过渡期,或曰新时代之开端。不同时的同时性则是所有历史的基本经验,更是现代性的特征之一。科塞雷克的近代历史时间理论,倾注于特定历史时期从渐变到剧变的断裂经验和现代语言的形成,概念史在他眼中实为概念之时间史。他的历史时间语义学,旨在探索过渡期之经验和语言的多重时间层,考掘那些蕴含过去、现在和未来之时间结构的关键概念,呈现"经验空间"与"期待视野"之间...