中国传统历史编纂学的发展路径——以史书编纂体裁为中心的考察//[The Development Path of Traditional Chinese Historical Codification——An Examination Centered on the Genre of History Book Compilation]

Examining the development path of Chinese historical codicology from the genre of history book codification, there are three main aspects: First, the diversity of historical compilation genres. In the course of thousands of years of development of history, many categories and forms of history compilation genres have been gradually formed, among which the “three genres of history”, and other categories of history genres also have their own characteristics. The second is the variability of the genre of history compilation. Historians often use the genre of history books in a flexible manner, breaking away from the inherent conventions, making the compilation of history comprehensive in character. At the same time, the genre of history compilation is constantly evolving, showing a process from imperfection to gradual improvement. Third, the consciousness of the theory of historical codification. Traditional historiography attaches importance to the summary of historical codification theory. Liu Xie, Liu Zhiji, Hu Yinglin and Zhang Xuecheng have all made systematic theoretical elaborations on the genre of historical codification, reflecting the theoretical self-awareness of traditional historical codification.
从史书编纂体裁来考察中国历史编纂学的发展路径,主要体现在三个方面:一是历史编纂体裁的多样性。在几千年史学发展过程中,逐渐形成了类别众多、形式多样的史书编纂体裁,其中纪传、编年、纪事本末"史书三体"居于主导地位,其他类别史书体裁也各具特色。二是历史编纂体裁的变化性。史家运用史书体裁时往往会突破固有成例,灵活运用,使得历史编纂具有综合性的特点。同时,史书编纂体裁又是不断发展的,呈现出从不完善到逐渐完善的过程。三是历史编纂理论的自觉性。传统史学重视历史编纂理论的总结,刘勰、刘知幾、胡应麟和章学诚等都对史书编纂体裁作过系统的理论阐述,体现了传统历史编纂学的理论自觉意识。