Hegel and Ranke: A Re-examination Frederick Beiser Stephen Houlgate (editor) Michael Baur (editor) In: "A Companion to Hegel". Pp 332–350. 2011 2 substantive philosophy of history historicism idealism schools/paradigms
World History as the Progress of Consciousness Stephen Houlgate In: "The Owl of Minerva". Vol 22. Pp 69-80. 1990 2 substantive philosophy of history historical consciousness progress/decline world/global/universal history