Abstract
Modern historiography embraces the notion that time is irreversible, implying that the past should be imagined as something ‘absent’ or ‘distant.’ Victims of historical injustice, however, in contrast, often claim that the past got ‘stuck’ in the present and that it retains a haunting presence. History, Memory, and State-Sponsored Violence is centered around the provocative thesis that the way one deals with historical injustice and the ethics of history is strongly dependent on the way one conceives of historical time; that the concept of time traditionally used by historians is structurally more compatible with the perpetrators’ than the victims’ point of view. Demonstrating that the claim of victims about the continuing presence of the past should be taken seriously, instead of being treated as merely metaphorical, Berber Bevernage argues that a genuine understanding of the ‘irrevocable’ past demands a radical break with modern historical discourse and the concept of time.
By embedding a profound philosophical reflection on the themes of historical time and historical discourse in a concrete series of case studies, this project transcends the traditional divide between ‘empirical’ historiography on the one hand and the so called ‘theoretical’ approaches to history on the other. It also breaks with the conventional ‘analytical’ philosophy of history that has been dominant during the last decades, raising a series of long-neglected ‘big questions’ about the historical condition – questions about historical time, the unity of history, and the ontological status of present and past –programmatically pleading for a new historical ethics.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Part I
2. ‘La Muerte No Existe.’ The Madres de Plaza de Mayo and the Resistance against the Irreversible Time of History
3. ‘We the Victims and Survivors Declare the Past to Be in the Present.’ The ‘New South Africa’ and the Legacy of Apartheid
4. ‘The Past Must Remain the Past.’ Time of History and Time of Justice in the ‘New Sierra Leone’
Part II
5. A Hard Time Thinking the Irrevocable. Why It Is So Difficult to Understand the Haunting Past
6. Searching for Other Times. Some Critiques of the Absent and Distant Past
7. Spectral times. Jacques Derrida and the Deconstruction of Time 8. History and the Work of Mourning
Conclusion
By embedding a profound philosophical reflection on the themes of historical time and historical discourse in a concrete series of case studies, this project transcends the traditional divide between ‘empirical’ historiography on the one hand and the so called ‘theoretical’ approaches to history on the other. It also breaks with the conventional ‘analytical’ philosophy of history that has been dominant during the last decades, raising a series of long-neglected ‘big questions’ about the historical condition – questions about historical time, the unity of history, and the ontological status of present and past –programmatically pleading for a new historical ethics.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
Part I
2. ‘La Muerte No Existe.’ The Madres de Plaza de Mayo and the Resistance against the Irreversible Time of History
3. ‘We the Victims and Survivors Declare the Past to Be in the Present.’ The ‘New South Africa’ and the Legacy of Apartheid
4. ‘The Past Must Remain the Past.’ Time of History and Time of Justice in the ‘New Sierra Leone’
Part II
5. A Hard Time Thinking the Irrevocable. Why It Is So Difficult to Understand the Haunting Past
6. Searching for Other Times. Some Critiques of the Absent and Distant Past
7. Spectral times. Jacques Derrida and the Deconstruction of Time 8. History and the Work of Mourning
Conclusion