记忆研究:超越民族国家和世界主义框架//[Memory studies:Beyond the Nation State and cosmopolitan Frameworks]

Abstract
Since the birth of memory studies, the field has experienced three developmental stages: the “ foundation” stage of the 1920 s, the “ memory boom” around the 1980 s, and the contemporary cosmopolitan stage. Many theories of the memory boom stage, such as the “invention of tradition” and “les lieux de mémoire” theories, largely follow a “nation-state framework.;” In contrast, theoretical concepts developed in the third stage, such as the notions of “travelling memory” and “cosmopolitan memory,” often move beyond the nation-state framework, following a “cosmopolitan framework.” By comparing these two frameworks, this paper argues that the nation state-cosmopolitanism debate largely confounds the notion of country with the notion of state. As an effort to remedy the confusion, this paper contends that the “state presence” theories, including both the “state as a field” and the “state as an actor” approaches, could better address the confusions in the nation state-cosmopolitanism debate, thus contributing to the further development of the field of memory studies.
记忆研究自开创以来大致经历了三个时期,1920年代的奠基时期,1980年代左右出现的第二波"记忆潮"时期和当代更多元的第三波记忆研究时期。其中,记忆潮时期涌现的"传统的发明""记忆之场"等研究在很大程度上对应了记忆研究的"民族国家框架";而当代的"旅行记忆""世界记忆"等理论则试图超越民族国家而转向"世界主义框架"。基于对"民族国家框架"和"世界主义框架"下记忆研究的梳理和对比,发现这两个框架的争论遗憾地混淆了"地域国家"和"政体国家"的概念,而"国家在场"理论(包括国家作为场域和行动者的两个维度)可以较好地弥补两个框架的缺憾并进一步促进记忆研究的发展。