This article concentrates at two moments that though were treated initially as aseparate form, they must be seen subsequently joined, since they are intrinsicallyconnected in the work of Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911). Treat itself of the elementsthat constitute the diltheyan concept of structure of the conscience and hisphilosophy of the understanding. These two poles of his philosophy of the historyare the apex of the historicity of the human existence like seen by Dilthey and formthe base of his epistemology of the Geisteswissenschaften. KEYWORDS: Geisteswissenschaften; existence; structures of the conscience; historicity