These are Bloch's unfinished notes on historiography written during WWII when Bloch had no access to libraries or the academic community. He reflects on the nature of historical evidence, whether intentional (designed to influence others) or unintentional (artifacts), and the necessity of "cross‑examining" evidence to yield different kinds of information. When confronted with contradictory evidence, the historian must use criticism to determine which source or sources are correct. Historical criticism should be psychological (taking the authors' motives into account), and sociological (comparing evidence with other cultural practices of the time). The chapter "Historical Analysis" looks at the different ways in which historians may be misled: linguistic terms can change meaning over time; preconceived notions of time (e.g. "Medieval, Renaissance, ...," centuries, and political reigns) can distort notions of change. The final, abbreviated chapter on "Historical Causation" begins to discuss notions of "necessary cause" and "conditions." Aimed primarily at "young historians," this work is very accessible, employing many examples, and is written in a light, lucid tone. (Susan Peabody) (Briefly discussed by #Ricoeur, Time and Narrative, 1:99‑102. (Abstract via Allan Megill)