Abstract: In the efforts to overcome the recent traumatic past in Central America the narratives of memory have experienced a significant increase during the last years of which only recently literary studies on the region have started to take account. In this context Horacio Castellanos Moya's novel Tirana Memoria published in 2008 is of specific relevance because of the characteristics with which it presents the conflictual relation between memory, history, and fiction. The present article analyzes some aspects of this relation, asking for the epistemological status of history and literature in the generation of knowledge about the past.