In his article the author criticizes the methodological separatism which is typical for the cultural sciences where the so called method of understanding is considered the adequate alternative to the method of natural science. On the basis of a conception which accentuates the role of theoretical assumptions in thinking the author seeks to show that it is possible to give an interpretation of understanding which is able to overcome methodological separatism, avoiding at the same time the positivistical solution which usually is proposed. The general idea behind the new solution is to show the necessity of an explanation of understanding